Fertilizer application in modern agriculture: the key to improving yield and quality

In modern agricultural production, the rational use of fertilizers is not only directly related to the yield of crops, but also has an important impact on the nutritional value and quality of crops. This article will elaborate on the types of fertilizers, how to use them, and their application effects on different crops.

1. Types of fertilizers and their functions

Fertilizers are mainly divided into three categories according to their sources and ingredients: organic fertilizers, inorganic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers.

1. Organic fertilizer: mainly derived from animal and plant remains and metabolites, rich in organic matter and a variety of nutrients. Farmyard manure, compost, biogas fertilizer, etc. are all organic fertilizers, which are beneficial to improve soil structure and increase soil microbial activity.

2. Inorganic fertilizer: also known as chemical fertilizer, mainly includes nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and some compound fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizer has the characteristics of quick effect, high concentration and convenient use, and is widely used in agricultural production.

3. Microbial fertilizer: Fertilizer containing specific microorganisms, which improve the soil environment and increase crop nutrient absorption through the growth, reproduction and metabolic activities of microorganisms.

2. Scientific use of fertilizers

1. Reasonable fertilization: Reasonable fertilization should be applied according to soil fertility, crop type and growth period. In the early stage, more nitrogen fertilizer should be applied to promote plant growth; in the middle and late stages, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be added to promote fruit ripening.

2. Focus on formula fertilization: Scientifically formulate fertilizers to ensure that the proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrients are appropriate. In recent years, soil testing and formula fertilization technology has been promoted throughout the country and has achieved good results.

3. Reasonable application of organic fertilizer: Organic fertilizer is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of agriculture. Reasonable application of organic fertilizer can increase the content of soil organic matter and improve soil structure.

3. Effects of fertilizer application on different crops

Rice: During rice cultivation, the rational application of nitrogen fertilizer can promote tillering and increase yield, but excessive use of nitrogen fertilizer can lead to lodging and pests and diseases. Therefore, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers should be used in combination to improve disease resistance.

Corn: Corn is a crop that requires a lot of fertilizer. Scientific application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizers can significantly increase corn yield and quality. Fertilization in stages according to the growth cycle will have a better effect.

Vegetables: Vegetables have delicate and balanced fertilizer requirements. The use of organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers can significantly improve the quality and safety of vegetables and reduce the impact of chemical fertilizer residues on human health.

IV. Conclusion

Fertilizer plays a vital role in modern agricultural production. Scientific and reasonable fertilization can not only significantly improve the yield and quality of crops, but also has important significance for achieving sustainable agricultural development. Therefore, farmers and agricultural practitioners should pay attention to the rational use of fertilizers, choose appropriate fertilizer types and fertilization methods, and ensure efficient and green development of agricultural production.